Although the project of making portable organs and tissues for 3D printing is in full swing around the world, all researchers are faced with the same problem, how to perfectly integrate the polymer, silicone and the patient's own cells. Thereby producing biocompatible microvessels with the ability to transport oxygen and nutrients? Recently, a bioengineering team of scientists from Rice University and the University of Pennsylvania seems to have made a breakthrough in this area. Their method is to use sugar glass and silica gel to create a basic vascular system, as they have recently As described in the paper. This will open up a new way to print 3D portable organs and tissues.
This very promising study was led by Jordan Miller, associate professor of rice bioengineering at the University of Pennsylvania. In a paper published in the journal Tissue Engineering Part C: Methods, they said they have been able to create a natural vascular system. The system allows blood to pass normally when attached to a small animal model.
In essence, this does find a solution to the main problem of ensuring that blood reaches every corner and gap in the implanted artificial organs or tissues. Professor Miller said that the usual approach taken by tissue engineers is to wait for the patient's own body to grow blood vessels and then incorporate artificial tissue scaffolds. This process not only takes a few weeks, but is also incompatible with the production of artificial organs in vitro (they die from hypoxia before the vascular tissue arrives) "For these reasons, we believe that we should not wait passively. So we hope to find one The method is to implant a 3D printed structure and then directly connect the aorta to it. This way, the structure can immediately obtain oxygen and nutrients, and this project is the first step of this idea - similar The transplant procedure was applied to the 3D printed structure of the laboratory," Miller explained.
According to China's 3D printer network, in the attempt, the research team encountered two problems: First, the vascular structure in the tissue is many; Second, the entrance and exit of the artificial blood vessel should be small enough to be directly connected to the artery and vein. To this end, bioengineering graduate student Samantha Paulsen and research technician Anderson Ta developed an interesting proof of concept using a technique developed by Miller in 2012 that was inspired by the pastrymaker's sugar glass cage: they print the sugar glass by layer-by-layer 3D printing. A blood vessel lattice was created and then used as a mold for silicone overturning when it was hardened. After the silicone was cured, they got a small pipe network. “Although they don’t look like blood vessels in organs, they already have some key features related to organ transplantation. In this way, we have created a vascular structure with a diameter of 1 mm. An inlet and an outlet also have smaller branch vessels between 600 and 800 microns in diameter," Miller explained.
The significance of this man-made structure with access is that it helps them perform actual model tests. At the time of the test, they connected the small-sized "artificial vascular network" to the arteries of the animal model, and were pleasantly surprised to find that they could smoothly deliver blood through this network structure. Using Doppler imaging technology, they also discovered that the system can withstand the physiological stress of blood! Eventually, the blood flowed smoothly for 3 hours.
Although the above results are not far from medical applications, Professor Miller believes that this is definitely a major breakthrough in this particular bioengineering field. "This study took the first step in developing a tissue engineering transplant model. With them, surgeons can directly connect arteries to artificial tissue.
(Editor)
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