Because the effect of increasing the ink film thickness on the size of FM dots is not as significant as that of the amplitude modulation network, it is difficult to improve the quality of the images with poor color separation on the printing press. In the printing process, the ink is adjusted to compensate for the scan. Defects are simply not possible, because the dots are too small to print properly, and it is easy to paste. If you want to improve the lack of density caused by the scan by adding ink, the adjustment during printing in the AM screening is very easy to implement. The amplitude of the AM network is large, and the spacing between the points is also large. There is room for adjustment, and the FM network cannot. Having said that, I couldn't help but mention a little about the working environment. I went to a lot of prepress, printing, and post-press processing places. The pre-press work environment was OK, but printing and post-press processing were hard to make Complimentary, there are not a few printing and finishing operations. In a large workshop, nearly ten machines such as printing presses, paper cutters, die-cutting machines, laminators, binders, etc., come together with dust, smoke, The strange smell of chemical gases, static electricity, and noise can't be imagined here. The problems of stoppages and dirty inks, and the resulting uneven inks, etc., can cause printers to suffer a lot, as do other operators.
Although this is a digression, at least such “bad†environments print high quality prints with AM screens, not to mention the use of environmentally demanding FM screens. . This is like having a high-speed car without a freeway, and the car's speed is still not rising. The printing industry is facing the challenge of environmental issues while adopting new technologies and new equipment. This is also a serious topic of global concern.
4. Film properties. High-contrast film is critical for suppressing dot gain because there may be partially exposed areas around the tiny FM network. All films have a part of the exposed transition area around the fully exposed dot, which will cause the dot size to become larger. The FM network itself is small, and its slight expansion will cause significant results. Using high-contrast film can reduce the area of ​​partial exposure, thereby reducing the potential for dot gain in this stage of the process. Since the inherent latitude in the FM network replication process is small, the use of the widest exposure range of the film gives the best dot reproduction. However, at present, whether DuPont, Kodak and other films in the use of FM screening is not satisfactory, but fortunately these manufacturers are gradually improving their product performance.
5. Proofing. Current proofing technology is the use of conventional proofing technology of analog materials. It is used to accurately reflect the changes in the structure and size of the modulation sites on the printing press. The behavior of AM outlets is fundamentally different from the behavior of FM outlets. The current proofing technology cannot reflect the frequency of FM outlets on the printing press. behavior. It is difficult to achieve accurate FM network proofing, and users cannot adjust the traditional proofing system to reflect the behavior of FM outlets. Accurate proofing of FM screen images is still an unresolved problem because existing proofing systems cannot reproduce extremely small dot sizes or reflect excessive dot gains, and only developed a matching proofing method. Screen technology can be recognized. Some analog systems can more accurately predict the behavior of the FM network than other systems, but the granular toner used in these analog systems is too large to reproduce the slender printing dots used in the FM screening and cannot be accepted as a contract proof. The future of FM network proofing lies in electronic proofing, because electronic non-network proofing is similar to the way in which screens in FM screens are placed on substrates. This may produce good results, but electronic proofing technology is still not perfect.
6. The dot size is too small. Photographic screen processing methods provided by imagesetter manufacturers generally allow only one or two fixed dot sizes for a given output resolution. These dots are used for non-coated paper and newsprint or for screen printing. When it seems too small, it is difficult to control the expansion of outlets. Small dots are also one of the causes of noise interference in low-contrast images, but the larger dots increase the graininess of the image, and the smallest micro-dots are too small to be reproduced properly by many printers. Even if you get small dots on the plate, it is difficult to accurately transfer the ink to the paper, because the fine dot size is only available on the new, expensive printing press by an experienced operator. This kind of replication is feasible.
7. Printers and customers' opinions. For printers, using FM screening technology means purchasing RIP with the ability to compute and randomly place dots, requiring an additional investment, followed by some other harsh working conditions, environment, and staffing. The increase in quality requirements increases investment, printers also consider whether these extra investments can bring them greater profits when investing, and they will not be easy when there are no fixed customers who require FM screening. Investment. Even if the printers make the money, those investment costs usually exceed the extra cost of the customer's advantage of random grid output. Because most of the high-quality customers require high-quality output of 200 LPI or more through AM screening technology, they will not be required to pay extra funds for methods that do not bring them much benefit. Even if the customer is willing to pay extra funds, it is not the final structure of the image output with FM screening that is better than the result of the AM screening. For example, when printing a large-area flat field color, the result of the FM screen printing is The impression of stains is not present when printing with the AM screen output.
The above is an analysis of the potential shortcomings of FM screening technology and why it cannot be popularized. There are actually many other factors, such as the country’s economic status and the overall national quality. Although there are so many defects and factors in the use of FM screening technology, Affecting its popularity, but as a new technology, it has the superiority unmatched by traditional screening methods. However, there are many external conditions that affect its use. There are still many areas for improvement, such as Many people are still studying better screening algorithms. These algorithms are based on the advantages of combining AM and FM. Some algorithms have been applied locally, such as those used in screen printing. Wait.
We have reason to believe that the currently difficult to popularize FM screening technology will eventually be recognized by most people as the development of science and technology, especially the development of printing technologies such as waterless offset printing and direct plate printing.
Although this is a digression, at least such “bad†environments print high quality prints with AM screens, not to mention the use of environmentally demanding FM screens. . This is like having a high-speed car without a freeway, and the car's speed is still not rising. The printing industry is facing the challenge of environmental issues while adopting new technologies and new equipment. This is also a serious topic of global concern.
4. Film properties. High-contrast film is critical for suppressing dot gain because there may be partially exposed areas around the tiny FM network. All films have a part of the exposed transition area around the fully exposed dot, which will cause the dot size to become larger. The FM network itself is small, and its slight expansion will cause significant results. Using high-contrast film can reduce the area of ​​partial exposure, thereby reducing the potential for dot gain in this stage of the process. Since the inherent latitude in the FM network replication process is small, the use of the widest exposure range of the film gives the best dot reproduction. However, at present, whether DuPont, Kodak and other films in the use of FM screening is not satisfactory, but fortunately these manufacturers are gradually improving their product performance.
5. Proofing. Current proofing technology is the use of conventional proofing technology of analog materials. It is used to accurately reflect the changes in the structure and size of the modulation sites on the printing press. The behavior of AM outlets is fundamentally different from the behavior of FM outlets. The current proofing technology cannot reflect the frequency of FM outlets on the printing press. behavior. It is difficult to achieve accurate FM network proofing, and users cannot adjust the traditional proofing system to reflect the behavior of FM outlets. Accurate proofing of FM screen images is still an unresolved problem because existing proofing systems cannot reproduce extremely small dot sizes or reflect excessive dot gains, and only developed a matching proofing method. Screen technology can be recognized. Some analog systems can more accurately predict the behavior of the FM network than other systems, but the granular toner used in these analog systems is too large to reproduce the slender printing dots used in the FM screening and cannot be accepted as a contract proof. The future of FM network proofing lies in electronic proofing, because electronic non-network proofing is similar to the way in which screens in FM screens are placed on substrates. This may produce good results, but electronic proofing technology is still not perfect.
6. The dot size is too small. Photographic screen processing methods provided by imagesetter manufacturers generally allow only one or two fixed dot sizes for a given output resolution. These dots are used for non-coated paper and newsprint or for screen printing. When it seems too small, it is difficult to control the expansion of outlets. Small dots are also one of the causes of noise interference in low-contrast images, but the larger dots increase the graininess of the image, and the smallest micro-dots are too small to be reproduced properly by many printers. Even if you get small dots on the plate, it is difficult to accurately transfer the ink to the paper, because the fine dot size is only available on the new, expensive printing press by an experienced operator. This kind of replication is feasible.
7. Printers and customers' opinions. For printers, using FM screening technology means purchasing RIP with the ability to compute and randomly place dots, requiring an additional investment, followed by some other harsh working conditions, environment, and staffing. The increase in quality requirements increases investment, printers also consider whether these extra investments can bring them greater profits when investing, and they will not be easy when there are no fixed customers who require FM screening. Investment. Even if the printers make the money, those investment costs usually exceed the extra cost of the customer's advantage of random grid output. Because most of the high-quality customers require high-quality output of 200 LPI or more through AM screening technology, they will not be required to pay extra funds for methods that do not bring them much benefit. Even if the customer is willing to pay extra funds, it is not the final structure of the image output with FM screening that is better than the result of the AM screening. For example, when printing a large-area flat field color, the result of the FM screen printing is The impression of stains is not present when printing with the AM screen output.
The above is an analysis of the potential shortcomings of FM screening technology and why it cannot be popularized. There are actually many other factors, such as the country’s economic status and the overall national quality. Although there are so many defects and factors in the use of FM screening technology, Affecting its popularity, but as a new technology, it has the superiority unmatched by traditional screening methods. However, there are many external conditions that affect its use. There are still many areas for improvement, such as Many people are still studying better screening algorithms. These algorithms are based on the advantages of combining AM and FM. Some algorithms have been applied locally, such as those used in screen printing. Wait.
We have reason to believe that the currently difficult to popularize FM screening technology will eventually be recognized by most people as the development of science and technology, especially the development of printing technologies such as waterless offset printing and direct plate printing.
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