Lithography suitability (middle)

Sixth, the suitability of post-press processing

(I) Post-processing: After the printing is completed, the surface is processed with: water-based PVA, which is an early method and has good transparency, moisture resistance and water resistance.

Good, but solvent-resistant inks must be used and are rarely used nowadays. At present, there are more commonly used UV coating and PP, OPP plastic film, etc.

The film has small stretchability, good stiffness, no need to use high heat and high pressure, single-sided and double-sided blemishes, and it does not need to pay much attention to the problem of ink drying.

The most popular one at this stage. It is divided into smooth and matte, each with its own different feelings and effects. General statement, advanced book cover, book

Clothes, traditional Chinese paintings use more matte. For glossy books and magazines that highlight color effects, bright surfaces are often used. Only when the humidity changes,

Thin paper can cause curling as its disadvantage. Another hot stamping process must be carefully considered before or after the application of the glazing process. After the first bronzing, the glazing is protected.

The role of gold foil is not easy to wear, but the gloss is poor. If the first glazing after gilding sometimes difficult to adhere after UV glazing, this must be considered in advance

To.

(2) Stapling: Although there are various kinds of binding, including hardcover, paperback, saddle-wear, threading, binding, etc., various types of binding are different.

Characteristics, and in the binding process must first pay attention to the requirements of the processing machinery, make all the preparations, can be carried out smoothly, otherwise it will

There are a lot of unnecessary post-order issues, such as: folding alignment, folding sequence, extension of binding time, unsatisfactory operation, and so on. Another hardcover

At this time, pay attention to the paper and paste materials, and whether they will fall off due to poor absorption after the paper has been puddled, and pay more attention to weather changes.

And affect the quality and the factors such as full drying after paste. Binding books should pay more attention to the quality of hot melt adhesives. Do not make the pages inside due to the coldness of the cold.

Cover off.

VII. Suitability of finished products

(a) posters: mostly single prints. The requirements for the use of paper should be not easy to stretch, and the ink used should not fade easily. Because it's more hanging

In the public hall, it is easy to be affected by the wind and it is best to protect it with a layer of PP or OPP film after printing, which will not only enhance the bright color

Degree, it can make its surface more difficult to damage, but also to prevent ultraviolet radiation, reducing the chance of fading.

(B) Catalogue: Its main function in the performance of product features and advantages, so the production of beautiful and attractive is the most important condition. This kind of print must

Use advanced paper, beautiful color pictures, exquisite design, and careful processing and binding so that readers can enjoy promotional effects at a glance

fruit.

(3) Magazine: This is a book that is distributed to the general public. Sometimes there are certain objects. Most of the paper used in the paper is printing paper, and the printing methods are mostly

The lithography and binding methods are more saddle stitches, and thick books are used for binding. Production also has time and quality requirements.

(D) books: divided into stringed paperback and hardcover books, threading paperbacks for schools, general novels and other books. The hardcover is focused on advanced

Books, dictionaries, etc. In the production, in order to adapt to its long-term preservation characteristics, it must be long straight for the direction of the trade flow to be more straight.

(5) Forms: often multi-connected, the current use of non-carbon paper is more, you can use carbon paper as its main advantage, but non-carbon paper has upper paper, medium paper,

In the paper, the upper paper is used for the upper layer, the middle paper is for the middle layer, and the lower paper is the lower layer. When using, pay attention to the layer of the paper, put the paper on the upper layer

When used, there is no copy function.

VIII. Suitability of materials

(1) Selection of printing plates: There are many kinds of printing plates, which can be:

1. Plate is divided into aluminum, zinc, stone, resin, nylon, cardboard, glass.

2. The structure is divided into single layer, double layer and multiple layers.

3. The plate making method is divided into manual, transfer, optics, and electronics.

4. Plates are divided into plano-convex, plane, and plano-concave.

5. Grinding methods are divided into ball mill, brush mill, chemical mill, electronic chemical mill, blasting mill.

6. Layout treatment consists of chemical and anode.

7. Film coating methods are self-coated, machine-coated and pre-coated.

8. The film coating surface is divided into single-sided and double-sided.

9. Plates are divided into positive and negative types.

10. Film processing methods are divided into film type and film type.

11. There are 11 types of printers, including proofers, express machines, pagers, rotary machines, and business printers.

Seen from the above, there are many types. In fact, at present, many printing plates used in lithographic printing plants in Taiwan are only pre-coated and positive-type ones, abbreviated as PS.

Version. The quality of printing using this type of printing plate is quite high, and the plate making procedure is simple, as long as it is automatically processed in the plate processor, it can be finished in a few minutes.

to make. There are still a few family-owned printing houses that use zinc or aluminum plates to make a small version of a protein plate.

(b) the choice of paper: there are three types of choices, quality and weight. Total in terms of categories:

1. Printing Paper: Bond paper, printing paper, magazine paper, newsprint paper, model papermaking, edition paper, bible paper, doline paper, etc.

2. Writing paper: book paper, letter paper, miscellaneous paper, typing paper, card paper, drawing paper.

3. Drawing Paper: watercolor paper, special paper, ordinary paper, charcoal paper, sea drawings.

4. Packaging paper: kraft paper, sulfite paper, match paper, anti-rust paper, cigarette paper, fruit paper, thallium paper, cellophane, wax paper.

5. Filter paper: chemical analysis paper, insulation paper.

6. Absorption paper: blotting paper, carbon paper, napkins, toilet paper.

7. Special processing paper: back carbon paper, photosensitive paper, fiber paper.

8. Cardboard: yellow cardboard, white cardboard, coreboard, corrugated cardboard, ticket cardboard, construction cardboard.

Seeing that there are so many types above, for a time I really don't know how to make choices, it's not difficult, because the most commonly used are the first type of forest paper,

Three kinds of papermaking and printing paper. In terms of quality choice, Daolin Paper has all-wood forests, ivory road forests, Bai Daolin, and color road forest paper. Mold paper has white

Molding, beige molding and color model papermaking. Edition paper with mirror plate, super light double, super double, double-faced, single-sided, snowy and cloth

Patterned paper and many other. In addition, there are also the choices of printing paper, magazine paper, scheduling paper, and advanced scheduling paper. In fact, only a few of them are often contacted.

Just kind of. In addition, the weight of the paper, there are two commonly used methods of weight: one for the basis weight, is more common in the world, is a square meter of paper

Zhang, the weight on an electronic balance, is measured in units of grams, or gsm, or "mping." One is heavy, one order 500 papers

The weight of the scale is the pound. Both of them are used at home and abroad, but for the sake of convenience, it is easier to use basic weight to avoid the same thickness.

The paper in the 31x43" pounds is different from the 25x35" pounds and is often confusing. The basis weight of most papers is from 60- 100 gsm.

From 80-190 gsm, the die-making paper is as low as 45 gsm. Just use the purpose, purpose, function, and characteristics before use to achieve the best choice.

It will not be difficult to choose. In addition, paper and humidity are closely related. First of all, we must know that paper contains 99% moisture, 0.5 to 1%

The slurry composed of cellulose, fillers and gums, referred to as pulp, is then fed to a papermaking machine and moved through a long funnel to move the pulp cloth.

Most of the water is filtered out of the moving screen, and then the hot water is squeezed out and dried by a hot roller to make paper. After a brief description of the above

In this way, we can know that paper has "mesh and non-mesh" points, with a thicker mesh surface and a flatter non-mesh surface. At the same time, there will also be the "silky" flow.

It is the arrangement of fibers in the direction of the strips. This directly affects the paper and causes the phenomenon of bending after being damped. It has a great deal of binding with books.

system. If the flow of paper follows the long edge, the edge of the book is straight, otherwise it is very easy to bend.

(3) Selection of inks: Lithographic printing inks are mostly transparent four-primary inks, and there are not many options for color printing. At most, gold and ink are added.

color. In contrast, there are more choices in color printing, and in special printing, there will be multiple options for certain special requirements, such as: fluorescent ink, pearls

Ink, desensitizing black, magnetic ink, UV ink, etc. There is also a distinction between transparent and opaque ink. Many large print shops now use four primary colors

Transparent ink, the use of high-pressure pump automatic transfer pipe directly to the printing press, the staff will not be too much trouble, do not have to transfer ink, is

Work has become very easy.

Nine, the suitability of the equipment

(1) Prepress equipment: At present, the prepress area is almost completely computerized, and there are many kinds of equipment used, and the origin is not the same. There are Japan and Germany.

Countries such as countries, Britain, Denmark, and Israel. However, there are those that are easy to operate and more complex. Many of the simple tasks are handed over to the computer automatically

The calculation is completed and the quality may not be poor. There are many complex manual operations and there are many changes in quality that can lead to more complex requirements.

(b) Printing equipment: At present, more than one machine has been used for automated loading of plates, computerized inks, and registering remote controls.

All work can be done to make the finished product more beautiful.

(3) Postpress and processing equipment: Most of them are electronic and micro-computerized, and the adjustment work of staff members is also becoming less and less. Many of them use computer automation.

The calculation is completed, so the high efficiency and good quality are the advantages of modern equipment.

X. The suitability of the environment

(I) Lighting conditions:

1. Illumination standard - 204.4 +/- 43.6 candles.

2. The color temperature of the light source - 5,000 degrees K for use in viewing a document, and 7,500 degrees K for color comparison in printing.

3. The color appearance index is ─ 90-100.

4. Illumination geometry - The reflection of light from surrounding walls should be minimized.

5. The transmission standard indicates 409+/-88 candles.

(B) wall color: should be light gray, dark blue or green and other cold colors as the principle, should not use red, orange, yellow and other warm color series. Because after

Easy to make the staff feel irritable, but also easy to produce a sense of disgust.

(C) Temperature Control: The temperature in the lithographic workplace must be controlled between 23-25 ​​degrees Celsius so that personnel can be in a comfortable and ideal environment.

The work and operation of various machines and equipments are also relatively prolonged.

(4) Humidity control: The humidity in the lithographic workplace must be kept between RH 55-60%. Excessive humidity in the air will lead to product quality.

The instability, the electronic devices are easy to use, the paper is easy to stretch, the processing and binding deformation, the photosensitive material, and the photo lens become moldy. This

These problems will affect the effect and increase the production cost.

(5) Air quality: The air quality in the working environment does not mean the installation of air-conditioning devices. It means that the air temperature and humidity are controlled in addition to the air quality.

It is important to introduce fresh air into the room and to change the stale air indoors. Now many separate air conditioners will only be indoor

The air is cooled and there is no ventilation function. This will easily lead to indoor air pollution, resulting in uncomfortable staff, dizziness, and susceptibility.

The condition of the respiratory tube.

(6) Wastewater treatment: Some chemicals will be used in the lithographic workshop. Therefore, some waste water will be generated. These will have to be properly

Reason, so as not to cause environmental problems.

(7) Noise control: The noise a person can tolerate is about 80 decibels, and in the printing workplace, the places where noise is easy to generate are mostly printing rooms.

Therefore, personnel working in this environment must pay attention to the maximum amount of noise, preferably less than 75 decibels. In some printing fields, commercial use

When rotating the press, a separate compartment is used and a sound-absorbing panel is installed on the ceiling so that most of the noise can be absorbed.