Mazda Automobile Co., Ltd. and Hiroshima University formally signed a cooperative R&D agreement, and both parties will jointly promote Mazda Bioplastics Project. The project aims to develop a new type of environmentally friendly bioplastic technology based on the cellulose raw materials of non-food crops, and will strive to realize its industrial application on vehicles by 2013.
The new type of bio-plastics developed this time is based on the cellulose of non-food crops such as thinned wood, rice straw, wood shavings and other non-food crops, and has significant advantages that do not consume food. At the same time, cellulosic biomass feedstock is a carbon-balanced* resource that helps reduce the use of non-renewable resources such as fossil fuels and reduces carbon dioxide emissions.
This project is to develop the polypropylene that can be widely used in the manufacture of automotive plastic parts by producing ethanol from cellulose raw materials and then adding ethylene, propylene and other mixtures. On this basis, we have further developed advanced processing technologies to produce polypropylene materials that are suitable for the manufacture of bumpers and central control panels and have excellent heat resistance, abrasion resistance, and high strength. In addition, R&D personnel will also strive to optimize a series of manufacturing processes for the environmentally friendly bioplastics, and conduct scientific analysis and verification of the resulting environmental load and economic costs.
Mazda Motor Co., Ltd. is responsible for the research and development of the director, chief executive officer Mr. Jin Jingcheng said, "The development of Mazda environmental bio-plastics using plant cellulose as raw material, which is a sustainable resource, to avoid food crops Consumption, this technology will play a positive role in preventing global warming and solving the world food shortage problem. Mazda will strive to form a complete system of independent biotechnologies, and vigorously promote its development through cooperation between industry and academia officials. At the same time, we also hope that through this project, we will further strengthen cooperation with various regions and continuously strengthen the strength of the Mazda Hiroshima headquarters as a biotechnology center to jointly promote the development of world-wide technology."
Mazda has long been actively engaged in the research and development of technologies in the biological field. It has pioneered the development of high heat-resistant, high-strength bioplastics in the industry and successfully developed the world’s first car made from 100% plant fiber. Seat surface material. Both materials are used in the clean fuel model of the Mazda5 Hydrogen Rotor Engine Hybrid. The model is equipped with a hydrogen-rotor engine and a hybrid system, and it is planned to begin commercial leases outside the country in fiscal year 2008.
In 2005, Mazda and the Hiroshima University's Graduate School of Engineering Research Co-operation Agreement on a joint development of automotive technology research and development have included the contents of biotechnology. In the future, Mazda will continue to expand its technical cooperation with the environment-friendly bioplastics field and will continue to strengthen the cooperation and development system with Hiroshima University. In addition, according to the cooperation agreement in the biotechnology field jointly signed by the Hiroshima University and the Institute of Industrial Technology, the independent administrative corporation (Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo), the relevant personnel of the institute will serve as visiting researchers and participate in the research and development of the project.
Mazda will follow the “Zoom-Zoom Sustainability Manifesto†of the technology development long-term outlook announced in March 2007. With the goal of creating a sustainable society, Mazda will actively promote the research of environmental protection and safety technologies including cutting-edge biotechnology. Development.
Manual burr grinders are turned by hand, rotating one grinding surface against the other. Coffee mills usually have a handle, providing leverage for the many turns required to grind enough coffee for a cup. The ground coffee is collected in a container which is part of the mill.
Salt, pepper, and spice mills, essentially the same as coffee mills, usually do not have a handle, the entire top rotating instead. While this is less convenient, only a few turns are required to grind enough. The ground product falls directly onto the food being seasoned; the mill has no container. A few designs have abrasive surfaces which do not rotate; each squeeze of the handles moves one flat plate past another, then the plates are restored to their original position by a spring. Many hard spices are available in containers incorporating a simple cone burr grinder, intended to be discarded when empty.
Most grinders can be adjusted to set the fineness of grind.
Manual mills can be used for grinding other food products than they are intended for, but mills designed for pepper grinding are inappropriate for producing finely-ground flour. Laura Ingalls Wilder's novel The Long Winter describes a family grinding wheat in a coffee mill to make flour during months of hardship.
The first Coffee Grinder was made by Richard Dearmann, an English blacksmith from Birmingham, in 1799. Then this grinder was widely distributed in the US, where Increase Wilson patented the first wall coffee grinder in 1818.[citation needed]
Peugeot of France patented a Pepper Grinder in 1842. The mechanism of case-hardened steel cracked the peppercorns before the actual grinding process. The grooves on the Peugeot mechanism were individually cut into the metal and then case-hardened, making them very durable.[citation needed]
Pepper Mill, Salt Mill, Pepper Grinder, Plastic Kitchen Gadget, Kitchen Gadget
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