In recent years, the export scale of wooden furniture in Beijing has been expanding continuously. The annual export volume is basically stable at around 400 million yuan. The export destinations include more than 60 countries and regions such as the United States and the European Union. However, with the increasingly fierce competition in the international furniture market, the domestic economic growth slowed down, and developed countries have successively issued a series of policies and regulations to curb the import of wooden furniture, making the overall prosperity of the wood furniture industry lower, and small and medium-sized furniture companies have The closure has had a certain impact on the overall healthy development of the furniture manufacturing industry.
At present, the operating costs of furniture production and processing enterprises are rising, the price of wood raw materials in the international market is rising rapidly, and the salary level of front-line employees is constantly increasing, which makes enterprises face enormous cost pressures. In addition, the continuous appreciation of the renminbi has further reduced the profit margin of enterprises, coupled with foreign strict access standards, high tariffs and vicious competition from domestic counterparts, resulting in a decline in the export value of furniture manufacturers. In order to help enterprises better cope with foreign technical trade barriers, Beijing Inspection and Quarantine Bureau conducted a survey on some furniture export enterprises in the jurisdiction, and conducted detailed research and analysis on the risks of various technical trade measures faced by them.
First, Russia imposes a restrictive tariff on the export of logs, which has led to a surge in production costs. In recent years, Russia has increased the export tariffs on logs twice: since July 2007, the tariff has increased from 4 euros per cubic meter to 10 euros, and since April 1, 2008 it has increased to 15 euros per cubic meter. Despite the impact of the global financial crisis and the deepening of the economic crisis, the Russian government has scheduled a moratorium on the tariff plan of 50 euros per cubic meter from January 1, 2009, but it does not rule out the possibility of Russia tightening log export restrictions. Since 70% of China's imported logs come from the country, once the strengthening policy is implemented, domestic furniture manufacturers will face the pressure of a substantial increase in costs.
Secondly, the introduction of the "Standards of Composite Wood Products Formaldehyde" in the United States has had a tremendous negative impact on China's composite wood products export enterprises. In July 2010, US President Barack Obama signed the "Standards on Compound Wood Products Formaldehyde", which came into effect on January 3, 2011. The Composite Wood Products Formaldehyde Standard Act stipulates the formaldehyde emission limit requirements for wood products such as particleboard, MDF and hardwood plywood sold and sold throughout the United States. It is called “the most stringent†formaldehyde emission standard in the industry. Taking medium-density fiberboard as an example, China's current national standards are formulated with reference to the EU's limited standards. The maximum standard of formaldehyde emission should not exceed 8mg/100g or 80ppm, and the emission of formaldehyde in medium-density fiberboard specified in the new US law must not exceed 0.11ppm, several hundred times higher than our country.
The implementation of this standard has made it necessary for export furniture companies to order raw materials separately for products exported to the United States. As the plate enterprises have the minimum order requirements, the enterprises will face huge stocking pressure. At the same time, the cost of testing will increase, and the difficulty of controlling the supply chain will be further increased. The United States "Standard Wood Products Formaldehyde Act" on the surface is aimed at raw materials such as particleboard, MDF, hardwood plywood, but in the actual detection process, because the object of inspection is the damaged finished furniture, if the manufacturer uses Unqualified materials such as paint, glue, plastics, packaging materials, etc. may also lead to unqualified test results. For enterprises, not only to ensure the quality of their own products, but also to spend a lot of energy on the detection of upstream enterprise products, the operation is difficult, and the various costs will increase. In addition, companies will face huge risks of being “finished†by the US. Although the "Standard Wood Products Formaldehyde Standard Act" has now come into effect, the bill has not been fully implemented in the actual export process. At present, most of the raw materials exported by furniture companies to the US are still stocked according to the original standards, and the export of wooden furniture has not been significantly affected. However, once the United States conducts tests in accordance with the provisions of the Act when the products enter the country, the export of wooden furniture will be greatly affected, and even the risk of being prosecuted. In the "problem China plasterboard incident" in 2010, the United States has filed a lawsuit against a number of gypsum board export enterprises in China. Although the final "China-US plasterboard incident" basically subsided, but more than two years of disputes, the gypsum board manufacturers to the United States exports almost stagnant, export companies suffered huge losses. If the United States "find the post-account" on the release of formaldehyde in wood products, China's export enterprises will face huge claims, and business operations will be more difficult and even killed.
Finally, the EU's "Country of Origin Labeling Law" and the US Lacey Act amendments will take effect, which will further affect furniture companies to explore the international market. The EU Country of Origin Labeling Act came into effect on March 3, 2013. The law aims to ensure that buyers are clearly aware of the origin of imported raw materials for sale in Europe. The law requires that wood products exported to the EU market must obtain an “identity cardâ€, which means that the wood purchased by the manufacturer is produced from a legally developed forest. At present, it seems that the "Country of Origin Labeling Law" has little impact on large-scale enterprises that operate specifications and can successfully pass the "FSC certification" (forest certification), but the impact on small and medium-sized wood products export enterprises is obvious. The logs and wood products purchased by domestic small and medium-sized wood products enterprises are mostly from Russia, Malaysia, Indonesia and other countries. These countries have more or less illegal logging problems, and it is difficult to obtain forest certification. If the so-called "identity card" logs of European and American countries are purchased, most SMEs will lose their price advantage and it is difficult to establish a foothold in the market. At the same time, "FSC certification" cumbersome certification procedures, high certification fees and certification cycles that require annual certification also make many SMEs overwhelmed. Some small and medium-sized exporters that fail to obtain FSC certification can only abandon the EU market and resell them to other regions. It is particularly noteworthy that as long as someone reports it, the EU has the right to investigate and even penalize the legality of all sources of furniture timber. In order to compete for the market, some enterprises may report maliciously to legitimately operating enterprises, causing them to be subjected to lengthy investigations, which seriously affect the production and operation of enterprises.
On April 1, 2010, the US Lacey Act extended coverage to all wood furniture products, requiring all wood products to produce “legitimate†proof of origin of the wood when entering the United States. If a company is prosecuted or investigated for the use of suspicious wood, both exporters and buyers will face the risk of confiscation, fines and even imprisonment. The amendments to the Lacey Act are worthy of attention by domestic companies. One is to prohibit the illegal trade of plants and forest products from the US states or other countries, such as furniture, paper, and sawn timber. The second is to require importers to report the composition. The species name (Latin name), origin, import value, and import quantity of timber imported from forest products; third, the establishment of a penal system that violates the bill.
The amendment to the Lacey Act has had a huge impact on China's furniture export enterprises. First, it has increased the difficulty of exporting related products. The acquisition of information on the source of wood raw materials is very complicated and requires high costs. This will lead to a surge in transaction costs. Some of the weaker SMEs will lose their share of the international market and may even be eliminated. Secondly, enterprises face severe penalties. risk. Most domestic companies have a low level of understanding of the bill. In addition, there are different legal procedures in the US states. There is no uniform standard, and the law enforcement problems faced by enterprises in the export process are very unknown.
In the face of severe forms, the inspection and quarantine department should promptly follow up on the implementation of the amendments to the Composite Wood Products Formaldehyde Act, the Country of Origin Labeling Law, and the Lacey Act, and conduct in-depth research on the analysis of the new US bill. Content, while paying close attention to possible follow-up measures taken by other countries to promptly prompt risks for enterprises. In addition, the promotion of foreign technical barriers to trade should be further strengthened, and the supervision of key nodes such as raw materials, production processes and finished product quality should be strengthened, and the raw materials related to safety, health, health and environmental protection requirements should be strengthened. The toxic and hazardous substances that may appear in the process are strictly tested, and the source is limited to reduce the future operational risks of the company. Enterprises should also actively respond to them, strive to improve production technology and testing levels in accordance with the requirements of the new regulations, continuously improve competitiveness, and strive for a place in the fierce international market competition.
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