Five organs that the human body is expected to regenerate

Five organs that the human body is expected to regenerate

According to the report of "Popular Machinery", starfish, fire lizards and flatworms have a miraculous commonality: the parts of their body that can be lost can grow out again. Although humans may never have the same capabilities, scientists are looking for ways to use stem cells or technologies that enable cell regeneration and growth to create various replacement tissues. Perhaps the "human standby organization" will become a reality in the near future.

1. Damaged Heart Patch

Early efforts to use embryonic stem cells to cultivate heart repair patches have been unsuccessful because oxygen and nutrients can only penetrate the outer layer of the patch, and the cells in the center of the patch will die. Researchers at the University of Washington experimented with a new technology. They mixed stem cells from vascular cells with cardiomyocytes from stem cells. The result is that this heart tissue patch forms a network of blood vessels, keeping them alive and receiving nutrition. After implanting a tissue patch in mice, the new vascular network was successfully connected to existing blood vessels. This test provides hope that this patch will provide a long-term repair solution for human damaged hearts in the future.

2. Cultivate the lungs in the laboratory

In theory, embryonic stem cells can be transformed into hundreds of different tissues, but in reality, making them a tissue is not easy. However, researchers at the Free University of Brussels managed to convert human stem cells into lung epithelial tissue. What's their secret? They cultivated stem cells in a gas-liquid interface petri dish that mimics the human trachea, allowing the cells to differentiate into tissues suitable for this environment. If the lungs cultivated in the laboratory can successfully pass clinical research, then patients with cystic fibrosis and other lung diseases will not have to undergo lung transplantation.

3. Spinal cord regeneration

Spinal cord injury is considered permanent, because once damaged, the nervous system generates thick scar tissue, which prevents new nerve regeneration. Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University have isolated a stable enzyme that slowly eliminates scar tissue. This enzyme allows the body's natural repair mechanisms to work. Biomedical engineer Ravi Bellamkoda said: "The repair of spinal cord injury will take comprehensive treatment to control inflammation after injury, overcome the inhibition of scars and stimulate nerves. This research has made the repair of spinal cord injury a big step."

4. Cultivate spare hands and legs

Zebrafish can regenerate damaged fins and other parts of the body, but for many years no one has known what gives zebrafish this ability. Now, researchers at the Sack Institute for Biological Research have uncovered the secret of this regeneration. Scott Stewart and his researchers discovered that after the zebrafish's fins were removed, enzymes called demethylases helped turn on genes that could decode the development of lost fins and promote the regeneration of fins by cells in the area. If a similar process takes place in human limbs, scientists take a step towards the victory of regenerating amputated arms and legs.

5. Implantation of natural breast tissue

Today's breast and soft tissue implantation techniques are still flawed: saline breast prostheses can explode, and the body can sometimes repel or reabsorb foreign tissue implants. Jeremy Maho, an organizational engineer at Columbia University, has found a way to replace silicone and saline prostheses, using autologous adipose stem cells to grow implants. Mayo placed stem cells in the channels of the hydrogel and added vascular growth factors to ensure that the growing soft tissue gets enough blood circulation to stay alive.

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