The term "Qi Nan" originates from Sanskrit and is commonly transliterated as "Ches Nan." It is referred to as "Qi Nan" in the *Compendium of the Compendium*. This is a fragrant tree, known for its aromatic properties and classified as a scented plant. Like other rufous plants, it has the ability to produce agarwood. While agarwood typically carries a sweet and warm fragrance, Qi Nan has a distinct aroma that is both cool and sweet—this unique sweetness is highlighted in classical texts such as *Aurora*.
Since the Han Dynasty, Qi Nan has been highly revered by the royal family, Buddhist practitioners, and spiritual seekers, often used in incense offerings. Historical records in the *Siku Quanshu* mention its production in Zhancheng, though other regions also have similar varieties. However, the yield is extremely limited, which makes Qi Nan one of the most prized spices in the world. Because of its rarity and value, many have attempted to imitate or substitute it with other woods, leading to widespread confusion in the market.
Three years ago, a peculiar type of wood was introduced into the market, crafted into hand-carved balls sold at low prices. It quickly faded from view. Today, this trend has resurfaced, heavily promoted and widely available. The price range is all over the place—from just a few dollars to thousands, even more. In fact, you might pay several thousand dollars for something that someone else bought for just a few. The difference lies not in quality but in perception. Some unscrupulous merchants mislead buyers, calling a deer a horse, and many are taken in. Low-quality agarwood bracelets are sold for over a thousand yuan, yet if they were real Qi Nan, their oil content would be far greater, making them worth much more than a hundred yuan.
**Related Reading:** The Difference and Identification Methods Between Agarwood and Agarwood
I’m fortunate that members of the Woodworm Forum openly label this wood as “not agarwood,†highlighting only its attractive texture. Agarwood is an oily substance secreted by plants in the Myrtaceae, Rutaceae, and Aquilaria genera. When the plant undergoes tissue damage or chemical changes, the resulting resin is called agarwood. Its formation is a slow, natural process that can take years or even decades. The quality depends on the resin content. However, this so-called “Hua Nan†is merely a lightly aromatic wood, not agarwood at all, and has never been recognized as such historically.
From the use of yellow, purple, and red in the imperial court to today’s trends, colors have expanded significantly. People now favor black, yellow, green, white, and red. Among the seven colors, blue and orange lack the “tan†character, and the variety of leaf shapes is so dazzling it can confuse even seasoned collectors. I don’t know which sacred mountain produced this so-called “sacred†tree, but it looks very similar to agarwood. It's given the fancy name “Huaqi Nan†to deceive the public, and while it smells like Qi Nan, it has caused great confusion in the industry. These practices are truly impressive, but misleading.
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