The term "Qi Nan" originates from Sanskrit and is commonly transliterated as "Chen Nan." It is recorded in historical texts such as *The Compendium of the Compendium* as "Qi Nan," referring to a fragrant tree that belongs to the same family as other rufous plants capable of producing agarwood. While agarwood is known for its sweet and warm aroma, Qi Nan has a distinct scent—cool, sweet, and refreshing, which is described in ancient literature like *Aurora*.
Since the Han Dynasty, Qi Nan has been highly valued by the imperial court, Buddhist monks, and scholars for its spiritual and aromatic significance. Historical records in the *Siku Quanshu* mention that it was mainly produced in Zhancheng, with other regions also having small quantities. Due to its rarity and esteemed status, Qi Nan became one of the most prized incense materials in ancient China. Over time, however, many attempted to imitate or substitute it with other woods, leading to confusion in the market.
Three years ago, a type of exotic wood entered the market, sold as hand-carved balls at low prices. Initially overlooked, it eventually disappeared. Now, this trend has resurfaced, heavily promoted, and widely available. Prices vary greatly, ranging from just a few dollars to thousands, making it easy to overpay for what might be the same product. This discrepancy often stems from marketing rather than actual quality. Some unscrupulous sellers mislead buyers by falsely labeling inferior products as high-value items. For example, cheap agarwood bracelets are sold for over a thousand yuan, but if they were genuine Qi Nan, their oil content would make them far more valuable.
**Related Reading:** The difference and identification method of agarwood and agarwood
I’m fortunate that some merchants on the Woodworm Forum openly label such wood as "not agarwood," highlighting its attractive texture while being honest about its nature. Agarwood is an oily resin secreted by trees in the Myrtaceae, Rutaceae, and Aquilaria families. It forms when the tree undergoes stress or injury, and the process can take decades. The quality depends on the resin’s concentration. However, "Hua Qi Nan" is simply a light-scented wood, not agarwood, and has never been historically classified as such.
From the use of yellow, purple, and red in the Nagata Palace to today, the color trends have expanded dramatically. Folk traditions now embrace black, yellow, green, white, and red. Among the seven colors, blue and orange don’t carry the "tan" (brown) character, and the variations in leaf size and pattern are so striking they can be confusing. It's unclear where this so-called sacred tree was discovered, but it looks similar to agarwood. By naming it "Hua Qi Nan," sellers create a sense of mystery and allure, using the term "Qi Nanxiang" to attract buyers. Unfortunately, this practice has contributed significantly to market confusion and deception, showcasing a level of creativity that’s both clever and misleading.
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