With the development of the national economy and the improvement of people's living standards, China's beverage industry has developed rapidly, especially beverage varieties, from a single glass bottled soda before the 1970s, to today's carbonated beverages and natural beverages. Situation. The beverage packaging industry has also diversified, breaking the monopoly market of glass containers in the past. Metal, plastic, paper and other materials have been used in beverage packaging, metal cans, PET bottles, PP bottles, Tetra Pak, Combi pack, roof bag, black and white film and other packaging powder and ink come on stage.
According to statistics, the annual output of China's beverages is basically increasing year by year, maintaining a double-digit percentage growth rate of about 10% to 20%. The average annual total output is close to 30 million tons, which is the fastest growing rate in the food industry. One of the fast industries. At present, the domestic beverage market is mainly popular with products containing fruit pulp, fruit fiber juices, low-sugar or sugar-free tea beverages, and bottled water. It is expected that the fastest growing beverage products in 2007 will be low-sugar or sugar-free beverages Various flavors of tea beverages and healthy drinks of fruits, vegetables and flowers. With the gradual refinement and subdivision of product development trends, the beverage market for different beverage consumer groups will be more colorful.
Status of beverage packaging market
With the emergence of various types of beverages, the beverage packaging industry has also developed rapidly. After breaking the monopoly market of glass containers, metal containers, plastic containers and paper containers have appeared one after another, and beverage packaging has shown a diversified development. trend. After years of market accumulation, carbonated drinks, pure water and mineral water drinks have been quite stable. The classic image of Coca-Cola beverages in cans cannot be easily shaken, while mineral water drinks want to occupy a certain share in the market, only in PET bottles Some changes have been made in the design and capacity of the model. In recent years, there is a market for 2L packaging suitable for household and catering consumption.
1. Glass bottle
Glass is a packaging material with a long history, and glass bottles are also traditional beverage packaging containers in China. In the case of a variety of packaging materials flooding the market, glass containers still occupy an important position in beverage packaging, because it has packaging characteristics that other packaging materials cannot replace, but the amount of use has begun to decrease significantly. The main characteristics of glass packaging containers are: non-toxic, odorless, transparent, beautiful, good barrier, air-proof, rich in raw materials, low price, and can be used many times. And it has the advantages of heat resistance, pressure resistance, and cleaning resistance. It can be sterilized at high temperature and stored at low temperature. Because of its many advantages, it has become the material of choice for many beverages that require high packaging containers such as fruit tea and jujube juice. However, glass packaging containers also have some shortcomings: mainly due to their major weight, easy breakage, high transportation costs, and poor secondary processing performance such as printing, which has led to a significant reduction in usage. Today, the shelves of large supermarkets are basically no longer made of glass Containers of beverages are no longer available, such as schools, small shops, canteens, small restaurants and other places with low consumption, you can see the traces of cheap glass bottled carbonated drinks, soy milk and herbal tea.
Second, the metal can
The metal cans for beverage packaging are divided into two-piece cans and three-piece cans. The two-piece cans are mainly made of aluminum alloy plates, which are mostly used for the packaging of carbonated beverages; the three-piece cans are mainly made of tinned thin steel plates (tinplate) and are mostly used for the packaging of carbonated beverages.
As a beverage packaging, metal cans have the following advantages: First, they have excellent barrier properties. Not only can it block gas, but also block light, this feature can make beverages have a longer shelf life. Second, it has excellent mechanical properties, mainly manifested in high temperature resistance, resistance to humidity changes, pressure resistance, insect resistance, and resistance to harmful substances. The third is not easy to break, easy to carry, and adapt to the fast-paced life of modern society. Fourth, the decorative surface is good, which can stimulate consumption and promote sales. Fifth, it can be recycled and recycled. However, metal packaging containers also have certain shortcomings, which are mainly manifested in poor chemical stability, poor alkali resistance, poor internal coating quality or inadequate process, which will make the beverage taste bad. At present, the annual consumption of aluminum cans in China is 6 to 7 billion, the raw materials need to be imported in large quantities, and the price is expensive. In addition to environmental pollution and other factors, the country has no longer approved the construction of new aluminum can production lines.
3. Plastic packaging
Plastic packaging in the beverage industry has attractive business opportunities. In 2002, beverage production reached 20.24 million tons, and the demand for plastic containers for sodas, juices, vegetables, and beverages was increasing. In today's beverage market, PET occupies a major position in the application of tea, carbonated beverages, fruit juices, and bottled water containers, with promising prospects. At the first sight, such as the Watson's "Huanbao" bottle, the slender Huiyuan "he + she" plastic bottle, and the pleasant Yanjing "Dongdong" conical bottle, etc., PET makes the beverage packaging shape become varied.
In the past two years, new packaging in the Chinese beverage market has gradually increased. At present, there are mainly several types of plastics used in beverage packaging:
1. PE (polyethylene):
PE is the world's largest synthetic resin and the most expensive plastic packaging material. Polyethylene products are divided into three types: low density, medium density and high density. Among them, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) has a high degree of crystallinity, and its hardness, air tightness, mechanical strength, and chemical resistance are all good. Therefore, it is widely used in blow molding to make bottles and other hollow containers. Taking advantage of the good PE heat sealing performance, the containers made of various composite materials can hold various beverages such as lemon juice and fruit juice.
2. PVC (polyvinyl chloride):
PVC can be roughly divided into three categories: hard products, soft products and paste products. The seamless line of PVC bottles produced by injection stretch blow molding has thin and even walls, and can hold gas beverages such as cola and soda. The PVC bottles produced by extrusion blow molding are only suitable for fruit juice and mineral water.
3. PP (polypropylene):
The development of polypropylene transparent packaging bottles has been a hot spot in domestic and foreign plastic packaging in recent years. With the successful development of the transparent modifier-nucleating agent, 0.1% ～ 0.4% sorbitol xylene (benzaldehyde) nucleating agent is added to the ordinary PP, and the highly transparent PP bottle produced can be widely used In beverage packages requiring high temperature sterilization, such as concentrated juice, which require high-temperature filling, they are affordable, pressure- and temperature-resistant, and are new rivals for PS, ABS, PET, and PE bottles.
4. Polyester (PET or PETP):
The PET bottle produced by the biaxial stretch blow molding method has good transparency, high surface gloss, and a glass-like appearance. It is the most suitable plastic bottle to replace the glass bottle. In recent years, China's PET bottle production has developed rapidly, and it is widely used in various tea beverages, juices and other beverages that require hot filling, such as Pepsi-Cola's 600ml, 1.25L, 2L and 2.5L PET bottles. Different volumes are for individuals and families. The different needs are well received by consumers.
Judging from the market share of the world's major beverage countries, PET bottles account for more than 70%. The results of a survey show that by 2007, the market sales of plastics for food and beverage packaging in Europe will increase from 4.91 billion US dollars in 2000 to 7.15 billion US dollars, with an average annual growth rate of 5.5%. At present, China is also in the stage of rapid development of PET beverage packaging, and the demand for polyester bottles grows by double digits every year. The proportion of PET bottles used in domestic carbonated beverage packaging accounts for 57.4%. It can be seen that polyester bottle packaging has occupied a major share of the domestic beverage packaging market. Consumers widely believe that PET bottles have the characteristics of "large capacity, transparent, intuitive, light and easy to open, refrigerated, easy to carry, strong, recyclable" and so on, which provides a broad market prospect for their development.
4. Paper container
Paper containers are used in beverage packaging, mainly referring to paper-plastic composite packaging containers such as Tetra Pak and Combi bags made of paper composite PE film or aluminum foil. The shape is roof package, sterile square brick, etc., which has low cost. Lightweight, pollution-free and recyclable, it is a green and environmentally friendly packaging. It is mainly used in the packaging of fresh milk, yoghurt and dairy beverages, tea drinks and fruit juices for long-term preservation. However, the pressure resistance and sealing barrier of paper-plastic composite containers are not as good as glass bottles, metal cans and plastic containers, nor can they be heated and sterilized. Therefore, during the storage process of preformed cartons, the heat of the PE film will reduce its heat Sealing performance, or unevenness due to creases, lower fiber hardening, etc., causing the problem of difficult feeding of the filling molding machine.
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