In spring, as the temperature rises, tomato bacterial wilt, wilt, and root-knot nematode disease gradually increase. The symptoms of these three kinds of diseases are not easy to distinguish from the surface. The author will introduce the differences and solutions of these three kinds of symptoms in detail to help the vegetable farmers to prevent and treat the symptoms.
All three diseases can wilt the injured tomato plants. Cut the diseased stems longitudinally and place them in a transparent glass cup filled with clean water. If the mucus overflows, it is bacterial wilt, and if there is no mucus overflow, it is Fusarium wilt. In the early stage of root-knot nematode damage, the aboveground plants grow poorly, the leaves are smaller than those of normal plants, and the fibrous roots below the ground are reduced. Some nematodes can form "beaded" worm tumors on the fibrous roots; The cortical worms at the junction cause the cortical tissue to become loose.
Bacterial wilt From the appearance, the main feature of tomato bacterial wilt is the wilting of plants. Tomatoes with wilting symptoms can be clearly seen when the base of the stem is cut open, and the color of the vascular bundle has turned brown. It is precisely because these vascular bundles are damaged that nutrients and water cannot be transported upwards normally, so that the tomato appears to wilt symptoms. If tomato bacterial wilt is not treated in time, dead trees will appear after repeated wilting several times, causing great losses to vegetable farmers. To control tomato bacterial wilt, the better way is to use root irrigating agent, such as DT plus neophyticin or agricultural streptomycin plus rooting agent. When irrigating roots with medicines, the above-mentioned medicines can be used for protective spraying on the tomatoes without disease. Tomato plants that have already died of disease should not be discarded in a greenhouse. They should be buried outside the greenhouse and disinfected at the same time. Ralstonia solanacearum can be spread by running water, and flood irrigation can spread and spread rapidly. Therefore, flooding in greenhouses with symptoms of dead trees should be strictly prohibited. At the same time, proper spraying of some plant growth conditioners or foliar fertilizers can effectively promote the growth of tomato plants, such as Fengshou No.1, Yunda 120, Aiduoshou, etc. In terms of fertilization, pay attention to less nitrogen fertilizer, more organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to enhance the disease resistance of the plant.
Fusarium wilt begins to manifest after colonization. In the early stage of the disease, the leaves that are closer to the ground turn yellow, and finally brown and die, and most of the dead leaves remain on the stems. , Half yellow, normal on the other half. When the disease is severe, the diseased leaves expand from bottom to top, and only a few leaves at the top remain, and the rest die. The disease is mild, except for the yellow leaves of the leaves closer to the ground, and the rest are normal, with no difference in flowering and fruiting. The root of the diseased plant was brown rot or local necrosis. Cut the base of the stem to see that the vascular bundle is yellow-brown. The main symptom of this disease is different from the bacterial wilt disease. After the plants get the disease, the leaves are yellow, and when they are wet, they often produce pink mold on the stem base. Control method: Rotate with spicy vegetables for 3 to 4 years, such as green onions, garlic, etc .; choose disease-free seeds, or soak them in 52 ° C warm water for 30 minutes before sowing, or mix with 0.4% 50% carbendazim Seedlings; nursery of disease-free soil; strengthen shed management, increase ventilation and lower soil temperature after the result; irrigate roots with 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution at the beginning of the disease, 200 ml per plant, once every 7 ~ 10 days , Irrigation 2 ~ 3 times.
Root-knot nematode disease mainly occurs on the fibrous roots and lateral roots of tomatoes. There are small milky white nematodes hidden in the root knots. The new roots on the root knots will be infected again and form root nodular tumors. Short form, stunted, and even premature aging and die. Prevention methods: First, strengthen field management. During tomato growth, field management should be strengthened, and reasonable fertilizer and water measures can enhance tomato disease resistance. When root-knot nematodes occur, they should be thoroughly treated and burned or buried deeply. Vegetables in the middle growth period can choose Avermectin Plus Fengshou No. 1, Jianzhibao Medicinal Fertilizer, Averm Organic Fertilizer and other control effects are better. The second is drug control. When sowing or planting, the Shishizhibao medicinal fertilizer and Awei organic fertilizer can control the root-knot nematode damage. In addition, in the leisure season of the greenhouse, it can be strictly disinfected by using lime nitrogen high temperature stuffy shed or using bromecta.
Source: China Agricultural Network Technology Center
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