According to the British "Daily Telegraph" report on May 12 (Beijing time), American scientists used stem cells extracted from adult skin and blood for the first time to cultivate mature liver cells and used them to treat mice with liver cirrhosis. It shows that the performance of these cells is comparable to normal liver cells. Scientists said that in the future, patients with liver disease are expected to use stem cells extracted from their skin or blood for treatment, without having to wait for the liver of another person to perform a transplant operation.
The research team led by John Hopkins Kemal Cancer Center Jiang Yunyang reported in Science-Translational Medicine that they have found a way to reverse the skin and blood cells to their original stem cell state , And then cultivated into liver cells. This method can produce millions of liver cells at low cost, and inject the obtained liver cells into the damaged liver of mice to help the liver regenerate without any side effects.
Scientists pointed out that although the liver can be regenerated in the body, end-stage liver failure caused by liver cirrhosis and cancer will eventually destroy the liver's ability to regenerate. Now, the only option facing these patients is to accept liver organ or liver cell transplantation, but because there are few liver organs donated, many people can only "forget the liver and sigh."
Stem cells are the most basic form of cells, which can be transformed into any form of cells. The advantage of using stem cells extracted from skin or blood, which we call induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), is that it is very cheap and easy to operate in the laboratory. In addition, they originate from the patient and therefore do not produce rejection reactions. Many organs, including human skin, blood and liver cells, can produce induced pluripotent stem cells.
In the latest research, the Jiang Yunyang team used different adult cells such as liver cells, bone marrow stem cells, and skin cells to reverse them to a state similar to embryonic stem cells. In this state, induced pluripotent stem cells can develop into various types. Cell. Next, scientists induced these multifunctional stem cells to first differentiate into immature liver cells through chemical methods, and then cultivate them into mature liver cells.
Subsequently, the scientists injected 2 million liver cells produced by this method and normal human liver cells into the livers of mice with liver cirrhosis. The results showed that the success rate of transplantation of liver cells produced by induced pluripotent stem cells into the liver of mice was 8% to 11%, which is equivalent to the success rate of 11% of human liver cells. Liver cells produced from induced pluripotent stem cells perform as well as normal liver cells after transplantation.
Scientists have been worried that transplantation of embryonic stem cells or liver cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells may induce tumors, but at the 7-month research stage (7 months in mice is equivalent to 30 years in humans), scientists are not receiving transplanted mice Any tumor found in the body.
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