1. At present, China is not suitable for specialized management of packaging wastes. It is the practice of many countries to regulate packaging through separate legislation. However, many countries have not implemented it. For example, the United States is different from the European Union and most of its member states. It does not have a nation-wide special regulations for the recycling of packaging waste. There are only a few state-level regulations concerning packaging management, and there are fewer mandatory regulations and more use of economic policies. According to the current situation in China, this paper believes that it is not appropriate to specifically manage packaging waste for the time being. The main reasons are as follows: First, although there are three levels of reduction, recovery, and reuse of packaging waste management in various countries, the core of legislative management still lies in improving packaging. The level of waste recycling, but China's urban domestic waste in a limited number of packaging waste, high recovery rate, the potential for further recovery is not, the development of policies to promote the recovery of higher levels of cost. Secondly, from the environmental impact of packaging waste, except for certain plastics and synthetic materials that are difficult to degrade in packaging waste, which are harmful to the environment, other types of packaging materials, such as paperboard and glass, are discarded. The impact of the environment is limited, but the cost of separating them from the waste and carrying out specialized transport processing is higher, and management is more difficult. Third, since packaging is an important part of the production of most commodities, it is closely linked with the production, circulation, and consumption of products. Therefore, the management policy for packaging will have many impacts on many actors. The impact is uncertain. For example, the fee and taxation system of packaging has a large influence and should be cautious. In short, it is not in line with China’s reality that the management policies of the developed countries, such as implementing the principle of producer responsibility and determining the recycling target of packaging waste, also have some limitations. Therefore, under the current conditions in China, it is more economical and effective to treat packaging waste as general waste.
2. Focus on the management of excessive packaging and packaging wastes that are harmful to the environment Although China is currently unfit to implement general management of general packaging waste, the management of certain types of packaging waste cannot be ignored. Excessive packaging, hard-to-degrade plastics and other wastes need to be strengthened. In these specific fields, we can learn from the useful experience of foreign countries and adopt comprehensive management methods such as legislation, administration, economics, publicity and education. As far as excessive packaging is concerned, legislative measures can be adopted to limit or assist with necessary economic measures. The greatest difficulty lies in how to determine whether the packaging is excessively standard and how to supervise the implementation. It needs to be further investigated and studied. For hard-to-degrade plastic waste, it also needs to be strictly managed on the basis of further analysis. There are many types of waste plastics. Some plastics such as PET bottles have high recovery rates. However, how to formulate and implement scientific standards and standardize recycling behavior are important for protecting higher recovery levels. The disposal of low-end, environmentally hazardous packaging, such as plastic bags, disposable foam plastics, and agricultural plastics, should receive sufficient attention. In January 1999, the State Economic and Trade Commission promulgated regulations for the elimination of disposable foam plastic tableware at the end of 2000, which played an important role in prohibiting the use and disposal of this material throughout the country. Although some difficulties were encountered in the initial implementation of the policy, it turned out to be a more successful policy. In short, packaging waste management policies should focus on the most prominent aspects of the problem.
3. Actively promote the life cycle assessment system of packaging environmental impact The impact of packaging on the environment needs to be examined from the entire life cycle of packaging, and the environmental impact of packaging waste cannot be used as the basis for policy formulation and implementation. The life cycle assessment of packaging environmental impact is an important basic work, because the packaging products vary widely and their environmental impacts are also different. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out sub-category by category and gradually form a system. The implementation of this system not only can accumulate enough basic data to provide basis for future management decisions, but also can strengthen the environmental awareness of packaging companies and urge them to reduce the environmental impact of packaging from the entire life cycle of packaging. The life cycle assessment system for packaging environmental impact deserves in-depth research and promotion.
4. Seriously consider the impact of packaging waste management regulations on trade With the emphasis on packaging waste environmental issues, many developed countries have formulated and implemented various legislation to reduce the quantity and toxicity of packaging and encourage the recycling of packaging waste. Various forms of management policies, such as economics, education, and education, have accumulated a great deal of practical experience. There are positive and negative experiences in these experiences. When absorbing and learning from them, we must make some choices. In particular, we need to make judgments in light of China's specific national conditions. It is worth noting that after China’s accession to the WTO, it is imperative that all environmental laws and regulations are in line with international standards. Many foreign countries have strict management regulations for packaging, and China does not have corresponding management measures, which will have a negative impact on China’s foreign trade. This is also a very important and urgent issue that needs further study.
As a developing country, China has limited funds for environmental protection. Therefore, policy design must consider not only achieving environmental goals, but also being economical and effective. It must be both effective and necessary. The formulation of packaging waste management policies should also be the same. Not all packaging wastes have already constituted a general outstanding environmental problem. Therefore, at present, China does not have to pay high economic costs to achieve specific environmental goals like the developed countries. Instead, it needs to put the limited funds and energy into the most pressing issues. Areas, address outstanding overpackaging issues, strengthen the management of packaging wastes that are more harmful to the environment, establish lifecycle assessment systems for packaging environmental impacts and other important basic tasks, and study important trade-related trade policies and other important issues .
2. Focus on the management of excessive packaging and packaging wastes that are harmful to the environment Although China is currently unfit to implement general management of general packaging waste, the management of certain types of packaging waste cannot be ignored. Excessive packaging, hard-to-degrade plastics and other wastes need to be strengthened. In these specific fields, we can learn from the useful experience of foreign countries and adopt comprehensive management methods such as legislation, administration, economics, publicity and education. As far as excessive packaging is concerned, legislative measures can be adopted to limit or assist with necessary economic measures. The greatest difficulty lies in how to determine whether the packaging is excessively standard and how to supervise the implementation. It needs to be further investigated and studied. For hard-to-degrade plastic waste, it also needs to be strictly managed on the basis of further analysis. There are many types of waste plastics. Some plastics such as PET bottles have high recovery rates. However, how to formulate and implement scientific standards and standardize recycling behavior are important for protecting higher recovery levels. The disposal of low-end, environmentally hazardous packaging, such as plastic bags, disposable foam plastics, and agricultural plastics, should receive sufficient attention. In January 1999, the State Economic and Trade Commission promulgated regulations for the elimination of disposable foam plastic tableware at the end of 2000, which played an important role in prohibiting the use and disposal of this material throughout the country. Although some difficulties were encountered in the initial implementation of the policy, it turned out to be a more successful policy. In short, packaging waste management policies should focus on the most prominent aspects of the problem.
3. Actively promote the life cycle assessment system of packaging environmental impact The impact of packaging on the environment needs to be examined from the entire life cycle of packaging, and the environmental impact of packaging waste cannot be used as the basis for policy formulation and implementation. The life cycle assessment of packaging environmental impact is an important basic work, because the packaging products vary widely and their environmental impacts are also different. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out sub-category by category and gradually form a system. The implementation of this system not only can accumulate enough basic data to provide basis for future management decisions, but also can strengthen the environmental awareness of packaging companies and urge them to reduce the environmental impact of packaging from the entire life cycle of packaging. The life cycle assessment system for packaging environmental impact deserves in-depth research and promotion.
4. Seriously consider the impact of packaging waste management regulations on trade With the emphasis on packaging waste environmental issues, many developed countries have formulated and implemented various legislation to reduce the quantity and toxicity of packaging and encourage the recycling of packaging waste. Various forms of management policies, such as economics, education, and education, have accumulated a great deal of practical experience. There are positive and negative experiences in these experiences. When absorbing and learning from them, we must make some choices. In particular, we need to make judgments in light of China's specific national conditions. It is worth noting that after China’s accession to the WTO, it is imperative that all environmental laws and regulations are in line with international standards. Many foreign countries have strict management regulations for packaging, and China does not have corresponding management measures, which will have a negative impact on China’s foreign trade. This is also a very important and urgent issue that needs further study.
As a developing country, China has limited funds for environmental protection. Therefore, policy design must consider not only achieving environmental goals, but also being economical and effective. It must be both effective and necessary. The formulation of packaging waste management policies should also be the same. Not all packaging wastes have already constituted a general outstanding environmental problem. Therefore, at present, China does not have to pay high economic costs to achieve specific environmental goals like the developed countries. Instead, it needs to put the limited funds and energy into the most pressing issues. Areas, address outstanding overpackaging issues, strengthen the management of packaging wastes that are more harmful to the environment, establish lifecycle assessment systems for packaging environmental impacts and other important basic tasks, and study important trade-related trade policies and other important issues .
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