With the development of China's market economy and financial modernization, cash and various documents are gradually being replaced by various cards. Among them, the IC card is the latest in the card family, but it is the most promising one. In the end, it will become the mainstream instead of the widely used photoelectric card, barcode card and magnetic card. We know that an IC card, also called a smart card, encloses a large-scale integrated circuit (IC) in a card with explanatory text and images printed on it. Because it has a modern high-tech product - integrated circuit, it can not only store a large amount of information, has strong security, and is anti-interference, wear-free and long life. Therefore, it is applied in a wide range of fields.
According to the application field of the IC card, it can be divided into two categories: financial card and non-financial card. Financial cards can be divided into credit cards and cash cards. The financial card is the main media of the gold card project that China has vigorously built. Among them, the credit card is issued and managed by the bank, and the cardholder must have an account number and a deposit at the bank. The cardholder can use the credit card as a payment tool at the time of consumption, can use the deposit, and if necessary, allow the funds within the overdraft limit. Since the cardholder's main information is recorded on the IC card, the consumer site is not necessarily required to be connected to the bank. It has great flexibility and reliability compared to a card type that records only a small amount of data such as a magnetic card. The cash card is the electronic money that the cardholder purchases in cash. Can be used multiple times, automatic billing. Easy to use, but not allowed for overdraft. For example, the payment card for water and electricity charges, gas fee card, dining card, medical card, etc. If the amount on the card is less than a certain limit, you must pay the fee again to continue using it. The application of IC cards in this field is mainly due to its excellent confidentiality, which can prevent counterfeiting and theft. The non-financial card is mainly used as an electronic certificate to record all aspects of the cardholder's information as identification. Such as IC card ID card, entrance card, time card, medical card, accommodation card, etc. Since the IC card can record a large amount of information and can deposit in a partition, it is possible to use one card and simplify the verification process. Classification from IC card reading and writing methods: contact type and non-contact type. The integrated circuits of both cards are sealed inside the plastic card substrate, which is waterproof, dustproof and antimagnetic. However, the surface of the contact type IC card can be seen as a square gold-plated interface with eight or six gold-plated contacts for contact with the reader and reading and writing through the current signal. When the cardholder swipes the card, the IC card manuscript reader/writer must be read and written, the reader/writer can automatically pop up, or the card holder can extract the card. Therefore, the IC card is slow to be swiped, but has high reliability, and is often used for storing large amounts of information and complicated reading and writing operations. The non-contact type IC card is provided with a radio frequency signal receiver or an infrared transceiver, and can transmit and receive signals of the reader/writer within a certain distance to realize non-contact reading and writing. Such IC cards are often used for authentication, electronic access control and the like. The information recorded on the card is simple, the reading and writing requirements are not high, and the card type changes are also large, and can be formed into a badge or the like.
According to the internal structure of the IC card, it can be divided into the following three categories:
1. Memory Card: The integrated circuit packaged in this IC card is generally an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory EEPROM. The device is characterized by a large amount of data storage and a capacity of several KB to several tens of KB. It can be stored for a long time, or it can be erased and rewritten in the reader. The reading and writing speed is fast and the operation is simple. The protection of the data on the card mainly depends on the software password in the reader and the encryption and writing information to the card. The IC card is slightly less secure. However, the IC card has a simple structure, is easy to use, and has low cost. Compared with the magnetic card, it has a large storage capacity, and the information is stored on the card, and the reader does not need to be networked. The characteristics are therefore widely used. Mainly used in places where security requirements are not high, such as phone cards, utilities cards, medical cards, etc.
2. Logical encryption card: In addition to the above EEPROM memory, this IC card also has a logic encryption circuit to provide hardware encryption. Therefore, not only the storage capacity is large, but also the security is strong, not only the storage on the card can be guaranteed. The data is read and written securely, and the user identity can be authenticated. Since the password is not stored in the reader software but on the IC card, there is almost no possibility of breaking the password. For example: US ATMEL1604 logical encryption card, card set There are three levels of security. The total password is used for identity authentication. The illegal user can verify the card by three password verification errors. The four data storage areas can store different information, and each can read and write passwords independently. Card multi-use, verifying the corresponding password in different reading and writing devices for a certain business operation, does not affect other storage areas. The information on the card cannot be rewritten at will, it needs to be erased before rewriting, and the erasure needs to check the erasure needs to be checked and erased. Password. This way, even the card holder can not change the data on the card at will. Therefore, this logical encryption card is extremely confidential and can automatically identify the reader, card holder and control operation type, which is often used for security. Demanding applications.
3. CPU card: This is a real card-on-chip system. The IC card integrates the central processing unit CPU, program memory ROM, data memory EEPROM and RAM. The general ROM is also equipped with the card operating system software COS (Chip operating system). ).
The microprocessor on the IC card can execute the COS monitoring program, receive the commands and data sent from the reader, and control the access to the memory after analyzing the commands. Since the card is intelligent, the reader operates the card. COS on the card, so the confidentiality is stronger. And the microprocessor has the ability of data processing and processing, can perform logical and arithmetic operations on the read and write data, and has strong ability. The data stored in this IC card is equivalent to one-black. Box -, very confidential. Currently, the microprocessor used on the IC card is generally an 8-bit CPU with a storage capacity of several tens of KB. This type of smart card is often used for important occasions as a document and credit card.
This lecture discusses the structure and characteristics of several common IC cards. Although the IC card appeared in just a few years, it has shown great advantages and broad development prospects. With the rapid development of modern electronic technology, with the market Economic development will increase the demand for IC cards, and the application of IC cards will be rapidly popularized. The structural performance of IC cards will continue to improve, and the development and use of IC cards will become more and more convenient. The IC card application system is for users to refer to in development and use.
According to the application field of the IC card, it can be divided into two categories: financial card and non-financial card. Financial cards can be divided into credit cards and cash cards. The financial card is the main media of the gold card project that China has vigorously built. Among them, the credit card is issued and managed by the bank, and the cardholder must have an account number and a deposit at the bank. The cardholder can use the credit card as a payment tool at the time of consumption, can use the deposit, and if necessary, allow the funds within the overdraft limit. Since the cardholder's main information is recorded on the IC card, the consumer site is not necessarily required to be connected to the bank. It has great flexibility and reliability compared to a card type that records only a small amount of data such as a magnetic card. The cash card is the electronic money that the cardholder purchases in cash. Can be used multiple times, automatic billing. Easy to use, but not allowed for overdraft. For example, the payment card for water and electricity charges, gas fee card, dining card, medical card, etc. If the amount on the card is less than a certain limit, you must pay the fee again to continue using it. The application of IC cards in this field is mainly due to its excellent confidentiality, which can prevent counterfeiting and theft. The non-financial card is mainly used as an electronic certificate to record all aspects of the cardholder's information as identification. Such as IC card ID card, entrance card, time card, medical card, accommodation card, etc. Since the IC card can record a large amount of information and can deposit in a partition, it is possible to use one card and simplify the verification process. Classification from IC card reading and writing methods: contact type and non-contact type. The integrated circuits of both cards are sealed inside the plastic card substrate, which is waterproof, dustproof and antimagnetic. However, the surface of the contact type IC card can be seen as a square gold-plated interface with eight or six gold-plated contacts for contact with the reader and reading and writing through the current signal. When the cardholder swipes the card, the IC card manuscript reader/writer must be read and written, the reader/writer can automatically pop up, or the card holder can extract the card. Therefore, the IC card is slow to be swiped, but has high reliability, and is often used for storing large amounts of information and complicated reading and writing operations. The non-contact type IC card is provided with a radio frequency signal receiver or an infrared transceiver, and can transmit and receive signals of the reader/writer within a certain distance to realize non-contact reading and writing. Such IC cards are often used for authentication, electronic access control and the like. The information recorded on the card is simple, the reading and writing requirements are not high, and the card type changes are also large, and can be formed into a badge or the like.
According to the internal structure of the IC card, it can be divided into the following three categories:
1. Memory Card: The integrated circuit packaged in this IC card is generally an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory EEPROM. The device is characterized by a large amount of data storage and a capacity of several KB to several tens of KB. It can be stored for a long time, or it can be erased and rewritten in the reader. The reading and writing speed is fast and the operation is simple. The protection of the data on the card mainly depends on the software password in the reader and the encryption and writing information to the card. The IC card is slightly less secure. However, the IC card has a simple structure, is easy to use, and has low cost. Compared with the magnetic card, it has a large storage capacity, and the information is stored on the card, and the reader does not need to be networked. The characteristics are therefore widely used. Mainly used in places where security requirements are not high, such as phone cards, utilities cards, medical cards, etc.
2. Logical encryption card: In addition to the above EEPROM memory, this IC card also has a logic encryption circuit to provide hardware encryption. Therefore, not only the storage capacity is large, but also the security is strong, not only the storage on the card can be guaranteed. The data is read and written securely, and the user identity can be authenticated. Since the password is not stored in the reader software but on the IC card, there is almost no possibility of breaking the password. For example: US ATMEL1604 logical encryption card, card set There are three levels of security. The total password is used for identity authentication. The illegal user can verify the card by three password verification errors. The four data storage areas can store different information, and each can read and write passwords independently. Card multi-use, verifying the corresponding password in different reading and writing devices for a certain business operation, does not affect other storage areas. The information on the card cannot be rewritten at will, it needs to be erased before rewriting, and the erasure needs to check the erasure needs to be checked and erased. Password. This way, even the card holder can not change the data on the card at will. Therefore, this logical encryption card is extremely confidential and can automatically identify the reader, card holder and control operation type, which is often used for security. Demanding applications.
3. CPU card: This is a real card-on-chip system. The IC card integrates the central processing unit CPU, program memory ROM, data memory EEPROM and RAM. The general ROM is also equipped with the card operating system software COS (Chip operating system). ).
The microprocessor on the IC card can execute the COS monitoring program, receive the commands and data sent from the reader, and control the access to the memory after analyzing the commands. Since the card is intelligent, the reader operates the card. COS on the card, so the confidentiality is stronger. And the microprocessor has the ability of data processing and processing, can perform logical and arithmetic operations on the read and write data, and has strong ability. The data stored in this IC card is equivalent to one-black. Box -, very confidential. Currently, the microprocessor used on the IC card is generally an 8-bit CPU with a storage capacity of several tens of KB. This type of smart card is often used for important occasions as a document and credit card.
This lecture discusses the structure and characteristics of several common IC cards. Although the IC card appeared in just a few years, it has shown great advantages and broad development prospects. With the rapid development of modern electronic technology, with the market Economic development will increase the demand for IC cards, and the application of IC cards will be rapidly popularized. The structural performance of IC cards will continue to improve, and the development and use of IC cards will become more and more convenient. The IC card application system is for users to refer to in development and use.
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