In collaboration with the Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Shenzhen Huada Gene Research Institute, after five years of hard work, it was the first in the world to complete the drafting of the genome of the wheat D genome donor species-Aegilops elegans, which ended the wheat There is no history of assembling genomic sequences, which indicates that China's wheat genome research has entered the world's advanced ranks.
According to Jia Jizeng, a project leader and a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the wheat D genome has a total of 7 chromosomes, about 4.4 billion base pairs, which is about 10 times the rice genome. Through the whole genome analysis of Aegilops elegans, it has been found that the resistance-related genes (such as NBS-LRR gene, etc.) and the number of genes that are resistant to abiotic stress have significantly expanded. Adaptability. The study found that there are wheat-specific quality-related genes in the D genome, and many of these have been significantly amplified, which has greatly improved the quality of wheat and become the only food that can make a variety of foods such as buns, bread, dumplings, etc. crop. It is precisely because of the addition of the D genome that the disease resistance, adaptability and quality of wheat have been greatly improved, and wheat has become the largest food crop in the world's most planted area.
Jia Jizeng told reporters that a lot of research has also found that the D genome diversity of common wheat grown in large areas is very poor, which has become a bottleneck restricting the improvement of wheat varieties. The donor species of the wheat D genome, Aegilops pachyrhizi, is very rich in genetic diversity, which contains many excellent genes. The successful drafting of the wheat D genome sequence sketch has laid the foundation for the development and utilization of coarse Aegilops and further variety improvement. The research on wheat breeding, wheat germplasm resources, wheat functional genome, wheat evolution and comparative genome will produce huge The promotion effect is expected to make breakthrough progress in conventional wheat breeding and hybrid wheat.
Jia Jizeng told reporters that the research team will collaborate with relevant units throughout the country on the construction of fine maps and haplotype maps of wheat genomes, genomics of wheat germplasm resources and gene discovery, etc. In the past five years, it has leapt to the world's leading level and realized the Chinese dream of wheat researchers in China for hundreds of years.
It is understood that wheat and its ancestors are native to a very small "Crescent Moon" zone in West Asia (Israel, Iraq, Iran, Syria, Turkey, etc.). Before about 8000-10000 years, wheat tetraploid Species (AB genome) and Aegilops elegans (D genome) through natural hybridization to produce hexaploid wheat (ABD genome), and only then "rushed out of the crescent moon to the world" and developed into the world's most important food crop . Chinese scientists successfully draw a sketch of wheat D genome
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