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First, burn treatment first aid
When Li Xiaoli was taken to the City Children's Hospital for 18 months, she had already entered a state of shock. After examining the doctor, he found that 30% of Xiaoli's body was burned with hot water and the degree of scald reached II degree. Seeing her daughter's injuries were so heavy, her mother regretted it. It turned out that my mother had just burned hot water and prepared to take laundry. Afraid to be knocked over by Mary, hot water was placed on the table. Unexpectedly, when her mother took out her clothes, Xiaoli stomped her feet and braved the hot water basin with her hands. The pan was overturned and the hot water was poured on the body.
Children who are scalded by hydrothermal fluids are more common in burns and plastic surgery. Children who are generally injured are under 4 years of age. The age at which they just learned to walk is high-risk, because children of this age are curious about everything and have no concept of danger. . Hot water and hot beverages are the sources of heat that cannot be separated from the lives of children.
The main cause of child burns is poor parental supervision. Therefore, it is essential for parents to improve their safety awareness and strengthen the care of their children. Parents usually have to develop “safe†habits to keep children at risk as far as possible. For example: place “dangerous†containers containing hot water, hot soup, etc. in areas that children cannot reach; bathe children and wash their feet. Or put your own cold water first and then heat the water.
Eyewitness Rescue: Once the child is found to have been scalded, he must be immediately detached from the heat source and immediately flush the wounded area with plenty of cold water to reduce the temperature of the wound. This is because rapid cooling can reduce the depth of burns and relieve pain. When washing with cold water, remove the wet clothing as soon as possible and cut the clothes if necessary. Serious injuries should be sent to the hospital immediately.
Do not: Do not rely on experience for children rubbing the site of burns, local methods to stop the pain, such as salt, soap, soy sauce, toothpaste, etc. will not only bring inconvenience to the treatment but also the risk of infection.
Second, respiratory foreign body emergency (tracheal foreign body)
When the eleven-month-old cockroaches in Suzhou were taken to the emergency room of the downtown hospital, they looked pale, breathing was very difficult, and there was a voice of “snoring†in their throats. Beyond that, they were unaware and even intermittently crying. There is no more. Seeing this situation, the emergency doctor quickly performed a corresponding examination for hernia and concluded that she had a tracheal foreign body. After a tense rescue, the doctor took a peanut from the tracheal tube and picked it back from the door of the devil.
Tracheal foreign body is an accidental injury with a high fatality rate, and children under the age of three are often susceptible to the disease. Nuts, peanuts, seeds, etc., which children often come into contact with, are "dangerous foods" for children of this age. In addition, the child is curious and usually puts things in his hands into his mouth, such as: dates, pushpins, buttons, small whistles, small glass beads, etc. When the children eat while playing, the parents When talking, teasing, laughing, or doing strenuous activities, it is easy to inhale the mouth into the trachea, causing the trachea to become irritated, causing severe coughing, wheezing, and even obstruction of the trachea, leading to suffocation. When this happens, parents should send the child to the hospital immediately. There are several cases of children who die every year because of a melon or a piece of jelly that enters the trachea and causes suffocation. Because foreign matter has entered the bronchus, it has not been taken out in time, and many children have been infected with it, causing serious complications such as pneumonia.
Experts advise: When accidents occur, it is crucial to take certain first-aid measures in time. It may be in these short minutes that patients can be saved.
Rescue measures:
1. Let the child lie down to the left (right) and tilt his head back.
2. If the foreign body is near the throat, you can use your fingers to reach the entrance cavity to stimulate the tongue to induce vomiting. Avoid: Fingers do not move in the throat, so as not to push the foreign body deeper.
3. Ask the child to kneel on the ambulance's knees, put his head down, support his chest, and press the back four times in the direction of the head's impact, so that the child can try to get rid of the foreign body. Don't: Don't beat your back when your child is upright. This may cause foreign body to get deeper into the trachea.
If the above method does not work within 30 seconds, the child must be taken to the hospital as quickly as possible. When waiting for an ambulance, if the child stops breathing, give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Even if the child has coughed up foreign matter and returned to normal breathing, or is in a stable state after a violent cough, he still needs to take him to the hospital for further examination. Do not be lucky. Because residual foreign matter debris was not removed in time, the child could suffer serious complications such as pneumonia because of infection; even more terrible is that once the foreign body is displaced, it will cause the child to suffocate.
There are several other things worth noting
Preventing suffocation: Cling film, plastic bags, and peanuts can all clog in the child's trachea. In the case of swallowing foreign matter, if foreign matter stimulates the mucous membrane of the larynx, it will cause severe coughing and breathing difficulties due to reflex throat and foreign body obstruction. There may be wheezing, aphonia, and sore throat in varying degrees. The most serious is that if the foreign body is large and embedded in the glottis, it may quickly cause suffocation and death.
Prevention of foreign body swallowing: In addition to small buttons and coins that parents generally agree with, some poor quality plastic scoops may also be a weapon that harms children. The poor quality plastic spoon is more fragile, and the orphaned baby would like to send it to his mouth if he gets it. If it is broken by the teeth, the plastic spoon will form some sharp edges on the outer edge. There may be discomfort and danger in the child's mouth, throat, esophagus, and stomach and intestines.
Third, heat stroke first aid
At noon of the day, the temperature is 38 degrees and the sun is very strong. Eight-year-old Mao Mao and his grandmother at home, hairy flu is just good, the body is still very weak, but must insist on swimming. After the grandmother persuaded her to become ineffective, she had no choice but to agree. Not long after she had left the house, she felt uncomfortable and began to feel weak and chest tight. Later she even fell suddenly because of her unstable standing.
Experts said: July is the high incidence of heat stroke every year, especially when the outdoor activities in the sun are too long, it is easy to heat stroke. The factors that cause heat stroke are not only related to temperature, but also related to the health conditions such as humidity, sunshine, high-temperature environmental exposure time, physical strength, and nutritional status. Because a long time under the effect of high temperature and heat radiation, it is easy to make the body's body temperature regulation function disorder, heat slowly, resulting in increased body temperature. There will be: headache, vertigo, tinnitus, dizziness, thirst and other symptoms, short-term rest symptoms will be alleviated; such as mild heat stroke will appear pale redness, sweating, clammy skin, blood pressure, pulse rate, etc. Symptoms; Severe heat stroke is manifested as: cool skin, sweating, even fainting, coma, high fever or even loss of consciousness.
The expert reminds: Young parents should pay attention to and prevent the occurrence of summer heatstroke in children, pay attention to listening to high-temperature forecast, and reasonably arrange the child's schedule. In high-temperature weather, especially between 11 and 14 points a day, try to bring out children as little as possible; if you go out with children, pay attention to replenish water for children, be careful not to let children spend a lot of time in the sun, and try to keep children in the sun. Rest in a cool place.
Rescue measures:
1. Immediately move it to a ventilated, cool, dry place, such as a corridor, shade, and conditionally move to an air-conditioned room.
2, let it supine, unfasten the clothes, take off or release the clothes.
3, use a cold towel to cover the head, or use 30% alcohol wipe body cooling. At the same time to add some light salt water, or drink cool drinks. If the situation is not relieved after the rescue, the patient appears unclear, pale, weak pulse, rapid breathing, cramps or high body temperature without sweating and other symptoms should be immediately sent to the nearest hospital.
Four, animal bite first aid
Doudou owns only "German Black Bay". This puppy has always been the most faithful pet in the family. But suddenly one day, when Peas was playing with it, the puppy was mad and bitten the leg of Peas. Although the bite is not very painful, but the beans are still scared yelling.
Experts say: Although the bite is not heavy, only imprint on the skin, it can not be paralyzed. In fact, the presence of tooth marks may have caused the naked eye to detect undetected damage. The virus may enter the body through small wounds. Once rabies attacks, the patient will die 100%. Taking necessary measures for prevention, the incidence rate will be greatly reduced, only 1% - 2% of the incidence. Therefore, take active measures immediately after being bitten by rabies or animals.
Experts advise that families with children should keep pets as much as possible so that children can provoke pets, so as not to provoke pets to be bitten.
Eyewitness Rescue: Emergency treatment after dog bite: Whether it is a mad dog or a normal dog, the wound should be flushed with plenty of fresh water at the fastest speed. Then he was rushed to the hospital to ask the doctor to debride the wound and go to the disease control center to inject the rabies vaccine.
Fifth, the first aid
There are incidents of student drowning on the summer vacation every year, and drowning death has become the number one killer of accidental deaths of young people. Swimming skills are not high but swimming in deep water areas is the main cause of drowning death. People who can swim can also have accidents due to changes in themselves or external factors. Therefore, it is very necessary for everyone to have knowledge of drowning and self-help.
Experts advise: If a drowning person has muscle cramps in the water, he should maintain a calm, calm state of mind, deep inhale to the surface of the water, float his hands flatly, and stretch the limbs to ease; if drowning people are mixed with weeds, try to change direction You may be able to save your life. If people on the shore cannot swim, they can use ropes and bamboo rafts to throw water at the drowning person and pull him ashore. If people need to go into the water to save people, they should not save people from the front, so that they won't be rescued by the drowning person. In the event of a drowning incident, rescue operations should be performed every minute. Attention must be paid to on-site rescue or side-to-side rescue. Don't just pay attention to the hospital and do not perform on-site first aid, thus delaying the crucial time for rescue.
Rescue measures:
1. After the water surface is rescued, the water in the body should be poured out immediately, especially the water in the respiratory tract, and the respiratory tract should be cleared.
2, if it still has a heartbeat breathing, should immediately open the cavity, remove the mucus, rotten grass, vomit, etc., to keep the airway open, at the same time can be used in artificial acupuncture points artificial respiration, restore heartbeat.
3, if their breathing, heartbeat should be immediately mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration and chest cardiac compression, if there are two people at the scene, one person heart press, another population of mouth breathing; blowing 15 to 20 times per minute.
Shower
On a trampoline, squeeze back
3 cm of water can drown a child! "It is true that children under the age of 3 were drowned in the bathroom because of their parents' negligence. They ranked fifth in the cause of accidental injury among children. This situation was mainly caused by caregiver's negligence. Some parents took their children." Put on the side of the face plate and go to the other place to take the towel, the child is heading into the basin and he can't lift his head, and an accident happens.The parents take care of it on the one hand, once the danger occurs, the child should be kept in bed and pushed. The child's back allows the water to drain and artificial respiration if necessary.
Sixth, first aid accidental swallowing harmful substances
The eight-year-old Xiaoqiang went to the countryside to have a summer vacation at home. At noon one day, Xiaoqiang played from the outside and was thirsty and tired. Just to see a bottle of drink under the bed, he took a few drinks. Xiaoqiang felt that the taste of the drink was a little strange and not good to drink. He tossed away the drink to find water. Soon, Xiaoqiang felt very uncomfortable, dizzy, weak, and even began to vomit. When asked by Grandpa, Xiaoqiang said that he had stolen the "beverage" hidden under the bed. Grandpa quickly sent Xiaoqiang to the hospital. The original “beverage†was a blended pesticide.
Experts say: When children mistakenly take poisons such as pesticides, pesticides, or excessive drugs, or food poisoning,
If you eat poisonous mushrooms, moldy meals, etc., poisoning may occur. Initially there will be: dizziness, fatigue, vomiting and other symptoms, in severe cases will faint, suffocate, if not timely treatment or even death. Once this happens, the principle is to immediately send a nearby hospital for emergency treatment; on-site first-aid while calling an ambulance. In order to facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of doctors, be sure to bring the remaining misplaced items with you.
Experts remind: When children wrongly accept poisons, they must be patient and meticulously inquiries, do not intimidate and beat children, find out the name and quantity of drugs, and carry out rescue treatment. Once they find that they have eaten poison or food that is suspected of being poisoned, parents can use their fingers to stimulate the throat before sending them to the hospital. The poison in the stomach can be vomited as soon as possible to reduce the absorption of poisons.
Rescue measures:
1, let the children drink the whole cup of water, stimulate the pharynx to anti spit out, vomit in time to avoid, so as not to cause suffocation. The vomiting must be done early. If it is more than three or four hours, the poison has entered the intestines and vomiting will lose its meaning. Do not: children who have become unconscious and are mistaken for gasoline and kerosene cannot induce vomiting to prevent suffocation. For children who are mistaken for the strong acid and alkaline chemical liquids, they should not be given clean water and vomiting first aid. Instead, they should immediately be given milk, soymilk, and egg white in order to reduce the acid-alkaline liquid corrosion of the gastrointestinal tract. At the same time, it should be immediately taken to hospital for first aid.
2. For persons with no breathing and heartbeat, immediately perform mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration and immediately call the 120 emergency center for treatment.
Seven, bees and dogs bite
First prick, then flush
When you bring your child to the outskirts, it is easy to be injured by bees and other insects. Bee stings can sometimes cause allergic reactions. When severe, the child may experience laryngeal edema, bronchial spasm, or even shock. Once the child has been suffocated, if there is a sting left in the child's skin, use a pair of tweezers to pull the sting out, and then use your hand to squeeze the venom from the wounded area; wash the wound thoroughly with soapy water or clean water. At the same time, it should be sent to the hospital as soon as possible. In addition, more and more families now have pets, and children are more likely to be scratched or bitten while playing. Children under 6 years old are small in size. Once they are bitten by cats and dogs, they are mostly face and neck. They should be sent to the hospital for rabies vaccination as soon as possible. Before going to the hospital, the small wound can be immediately rinsed with fresh water and soapy water. The flushing time should not be less than 20 minutes. If the wound is too large, it should not be washed excessively to prevent bleeding.
Eight, fall and fall
Secretions, don't block hard
Naughty children often run, climb, and fall easily. Children aged 3 to 5 have large heads, poor self-balancing, and cases in which their heads are broken are extremely common. This requires parents to be careful when their children are playing. Place a guardrail on the bed and do not let children climb. In the event of an accident, depending on the site of the child's fall, care should be taken and the head should be quickly rushed to the hospital. Parents should not block and wipe the secretions from the ear and nose to avoid intracerebral infection.
Prevention of falls: Places where falls often occur: on beds, stairs, windows, trees, bicycles, recreational facilities, etc. Crawlers are most likely to fall off the bed, and toddlers are most likely to fall from windows and stairs. The most likely time to fall at home is before and after eating. Indoor stairs, steps to install anti-slip bar, baby up and down the stairs to help someone. Children's chairs must ensure that the floor is wider than the seat and it is not easy to fall over. At the same time, there should be a seat belt fixed baby on the chair. Do not leave your baby alone in adult bed.
Eight, eat food emergency
Drink plenty of water and vomit
The child saw a colorful bottle of medicine on the table, reached out and opened the accident when the jelly beans were eaten, and it often happened. If you accidentally take sleeping pills, contraceptives, anti-rheumatic drugs, etc., can cause drug poisoning; mistaken for rodenticide can cause death; accidentally served with carbonic acid, can cause oral mucosa, throat, esophagus, stomach burns. After an accident occurs, the child should be given plenty of cold water as soon as possible, and then stimulate the throat to vomit. At the same time, we must hurry to hospitals and gastric lavage treatments.
Nine, scald burn emergency
With cold water, quickly rush
Children may be burned with hot water, hot porridge, hot soup, etc., or burned by knocking over coal stoves. Once a burn has occurred,
Immediately flush it with cold water to cool it down. Wear more clothes in winter. Do not open your clothes. Rinse and cool your clothes together with your clothes under a cold tap. Then open your clothes and check the degree of burns. If you straighten your clothes, you can easily tear the burned skin. All movements should be gentle. At the same time, we must keep the wound clean and blisters intact. We must apply some burn ointment and antibiotic ointment to the wound surface, or use clean cloth or clothes to wrap the wound and transfer it to the hospital.
X. Prevent accidental fall:
(1) Prepare protective equipment such as helmets and knee pads when children ride and skating.
(2) The windows for non-escape purposes should be locked or fitted with window bars.
(3) No chairs, cradle and other furniture are placed near the window.
(4) When changing diapers or clothes for babies, people should not leave the baby and keep one hand to protect the baby.
(5) Remove the risk factors in the home, such as rolled carpets, exposed wires, wide balcony and corridors, etc.
(6) Place non-slip mats in the restrooms, washbasins, and stairs.
(7) Pay attention to the safety of young children in walkers with pulleys or use other fixed walkers instead.
(8) Check the safety of the children's regular activities, such as whether the ground is level.
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