Mountain climbing common diseases

Some of the diseases that are prone to occur during mountaineering are not only seen in mountainous areas but also in plains. However, because they are more common in mountaineering, they are known as common diseases in mountain climbing. It includes frostbite, snow blindness, sun dermatitis, oral herpes, upper respiratory tract infections, epistaxis, gastrointestinal disorders, acne, and the like.

Alpine Frostbite

Among the common diseases in mountaineering, the incidence of frostbite is high, especially among athletes who participated in the mountain climbing for the first time. The lack of practical experience for novices, coupled with the heightening of the mountain reaction during the first climb, makes it easier to avoid freezing. Alpine frostbite has a significant relationship with hypoxia. Hypoxia can cause physical strength, mental decline, and circulatory disturbances in the body, especially in the limbs, so that the ability to resist coldness is greatly reduced. For those with hypoxemic maladaptation, the incidence of frostbite is higher. Alpine frostbite is also related to altitude. The higher the altitude, the lower the temperature and the higher the wind speed, the higher the incidence of frostbite. The site where frostbite occurred was the largest number of limbs and face. Alpine frostbite can be divided into 4 degrees: 1 degree lesion in the epidermis, manifested as erythema; 2 degrees of invasion of the dermis, blisters, swelling; 3 degrees of invasive and subcutaneous; 4 degrees of invasion of muscle and bone, mainly manifested as necrosis. Patients with 1 degree and 2 degrees are easy to cure; those with 3 degrees are likely to be cured, and some tissues may also be lost; those with 4 degrees are required to lose frostbite (surgical removal). After the frostbite, it should be treated at the base camp for a period of time. Do not send it too quickly to a high-temperature area. Otherwise, the affected area is susceptible to ulceration, infection, and the prognosis is poor. Treatment: 1 Massage the site where there is no spasm. 2 Closed in the concentric end of frozen limbs with procaine. 3 Withdraw the blister fluid. 4 not broken skin external application of traditional Chinese medicine Mulberry parasitic paste. 5 Soak as early as possible with hot water (about 40C). 6 infrared therapy. In the early stage of frostbite, conservative treatment was used to remove necrotic tissue after the formation of the demarcation line. In conservative treatment, attention should be paid to controlling infection, improving local circulation, and timely surgical treatment.

Snow blindness

Sunshine ophthalmia. The air in the mountains is thin, and the penetration of sunlight is less. With the reflection of snow and ice in the mountains, the sunlight is far more intense than in the plain. The main cause of snow blindness is strong ultraviolet radiation in the mountains, and infrared radiation also has a role. Snow blindness symptoms, like foreign particles in the initial friction, and then the eyes rapidly and severe tingling or burning pain, shame, tears, eyelids, blurred vision, view the whole eye swelling, conjunctival hyperemia, mucinous secretion, Pupils shrink and are unresponsive to light. After the patient has symptoms, he should go to the dark place to rest, wear protective glasses, point cortisone eye drops and 0.5% pantothecaine to relieve pain and reduce inflammation. Mild patients can recover within 3-4 hours, and severe cases last 5-7 days. All cases encountered can be fully restored. However, in the acute phase, due to pain and photophobia, blindness is not open, and it is equal to temporary blindness, which seriously affects the ability to move in the mountains. Prevention methods: In the snow and ice area below 7000 meters, or under the hot sun, wearing dark protective glasses; in the mountains of 7,000 meters or more, wearing a special defense purple, infrared mountain glasses.

Irradiant dermatitis

The disease often occurs in exposed parts such as face and neck. Most of the patients with sunlighty dermatitis have only local redness, darkening and desquamation, no obvious pain, and no treatment. Some of the climbers who are sensitive to ultraviolet rays may have red and blisters at the irradiation site, and are very painful, followed by dark brown pigmentation, and more black sunburn on the cheeks. The skin is reflected and irradiated, and its adaptability to sunlight can be gradually improved. Treatment is mainly anti-inflammatory ointment such as penicillin, herpes are coated with gentian violet to prevent infection, and local inflammation is cured for a few days. The main method of prevention is: When you first arrive in high mountains, you must not exercise or work naked for a long time (half an hour or more) under the hot sun, and the exposure time can only increase gradually. When carried out under the hot sun in the mountains, sunscreen should be applied to exposed parts such as face, and sunscreen can also be made using white gauze.

Oral herpes

The disease is more common in the lips and nasolabial folds, followed by the oral cavity in the cheeks, which is characterized by blisters ranging in size from rice grains to soybeans. The causes of the disease are related to ultraviolet radiation, air drying and digestive disorders. The disease often affects the eating due to obvious pain and swelling in the affected area. The treatment is to apply gentian violet and anti-inflammatory cream.

Upper respiratory tract infection

The disease includes rhinitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, and bronchitis. The cause of the disease is related to the form of breathing during climbing. Under normal circumstances, people mainly use nasal breathing, and during mountaineering activities, they have to breathe open due to lack of oxygen, and they mainly change to oral breathing. This causes the cold and dry air to damage the mucosal protective layer of the upper respiratory tract in too frequent breathing activities, causing it to fall off and fall off, and sometimes it is invaded and inflamed by bacteria. The main symptoms are sore throat and cough, mostly irritating dry cough. This type of dry cough also often attacks during the night and interferes with sleep, affecting rest. The incidence of single pharyngitis and uncontrolled dry cough is the highest, sometimes higher than 90%. Inhalation (plus benzoin) has a certain effect. Except for codeine, cough medicine has little effect. With obvious inflammation, antibiotics are used.

Nosebleed

Most of the disease is a small amount of bleeding in the lower turbinate Lai area, and occasionally there is a large amount of bleeding in the posterior nasal passages of several hundred milliliters, mainly related to air-drying. However, due to hypoxia caused by increased blood pressure, excessive increase in red blood cells, increased capillary fragility, etc., is also the cause of the disease. A small amount of blood can be blocked with a cotton wool or a vasoconstrictor. After the massive bleeding of the nasal passages, gauze is used to compress and fill. Dehydration in the mountains is more serious, in addition to pay attention to supplemental water, can be dripping glycerin and other lubricants to prevent dry nasal channels.

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